Parasites Of The Genus Trypanosoma Evade Immune Responses Through What Defense?

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The trypanosomatidae family includes the genera trypanosoma and leishmania, protozoan parasites displaying complex digenetic life cycles requiring a vertebrate host and an insect vector. Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, trypanosoma cruzi, and leishmania spp. Are important human pathogens causing human african trypanosomiasis (hat or sleeping sickness), chagas’. Protozoan pathogens such as plasmodium, leishmania, trypanosoma and entamoeba are responsible for several of the most widespread and lethal human diseases.

Parasites kinetoplastids cause a number of serious diseases that have contributed to death and health problems in humans. The severity of these infections depends in most cases on the nature of the pathogen, on its different degrees of propagation, and on the expression of the virulence factors involved in the immune evasion mechanisms of the host and on the pathogenesis of. Salivarian trypanosomes are single cell extracellular parasites that cause infections in a wide range of hosts. Most pathogenic infections worldwide are caused by one of four major species of trypanosomes including (i) trypanosoma brucei and the human infective subspecies t. Rhodesiense, (ii) trypanosoma evansi and t. Antigenic variation or antigenic alteration refers to the mechanism by which an infectious agent such as a protozoan, bacterium or virus alters the proteins or carbohydrates on its surface and thus avoids a host immune response, making it one of the mechanisms of antigenic escape. it is related to phase variation. antigenic variation not only enables the pathogen to avoid the. Trypanosomatids, which include african trypanosomes (at), american trypanosomes (i. e. Trypanosoma cruzi causing chagas’ disease) and different leishmania species, comprise a large group of flagellated unicellular protozoa with a parasitic and complex digenetic life cycle. These diseases, exhibiting high morbidity and mortality rates, affect.